Archives: Show Notes

1. ️ Check out Andrew Heaton’s podcast and Substack, The Political Orphanage
https://www.thepoliticalorphanage.com

2. ▶️ You can also find his podcast and other videos on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/@AndrewHeatonTPO

3. Here’s one of his many books: Tribalism is Dumb
https://www.amazon.com/Tribalism-Dumb-Where-Came-about/dp/B0DJKSZP6J

4. Here are some of his Political Orphanage episodes that are about homelessness:

️ Homelessness, and our stupid solutions
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/homelessness-and-our-stupid-solutions/id1439837349?i=1000548447580

How Godzilla beat the housing crisis
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/how-godzilla-beat-the-housing-crisis/id1439837349?i=1000710268550&l=fr-FR

️ The best tiny house village in America (an interview with Alan Graham, the founder of Community First! Village, an organization we discussed in the episode)
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-best-tiny-house-village-in-america/id1439837349?i=1000549032659

We’ll watch your dog while you’re in rehab (an interview with Evan Taylor and Cindy Webb, who lead Pause for Paws, one of the organizations we talked about in the episode)
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/well-watch-your-dog-while-youre-in-rehab/id1439837349?i=1000685060836

5. More information about Community First! Village
https://mlf.org/community-first/

6. More information about Pause for Paws
https://www.pause4pawsok.org

7. Check out all of Andrew Heaton’s goings on:
https://mightyheaton.com/

8. You can also watch him in comedy videos about politics, like this one!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1z_xtOmgek

FULL EPISODE: https://www.patreon.com/posts/155715402
https://politicalrealitypodcast.com

1. Katherine J. Cramer, The Politics of Resentment
https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html

a. Non-paywalled, non-scientific, but nevertheless helpful and short(!) student summary of a talk by Kathy about this work
https://civic.mit.edu/index.html?p=1891.html

2. Katherine J. Cramer, “Putting inequality in its place: Rural consciousness and the power of perspective.”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23275431

a. Somewhat unrelated, and we didn’t actually mention this in the episode, but Katherine Cramer is also involved in a project at the MIT Center for Constructive Communication that might be of interest to our audience 🙂
https://www.ccc.mit.edu

3. Nelson & Petsko, “Race and white rural consciousness”
https://www.christopherpetsko.com/uploads/1/2/5/8/125868532/race-and-white-rural-consciousness.pdf

4. Trujillo & Crowley, “Symbolic versus material concerns of rural consciousness in the United States”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0962629822000725

5. Brown & Mettler, “Rural politics in the United States”
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-040623-114017

6. Brown & Mettler, “Sequential polarization: The development of the rural-urban political divide, 1976–2020”
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/sequential-polarization-the-development-of-the-ruralurban-political-divide-19762020/ED2077E0263BC149FED8538CD9B27109

7. Quick article summarizing some empirical trends between population density and vote share
https://stanfordmag.org/contents/the-urban-rural-divide

8. Kaufman, “Where are the values voters? Ideological constraint and stability among rural, suburban, and urban populations in the United States”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0743016721003259

a. Relatedly, here’s a research report that underscores that urban, suburban, and rural areas are by no means monoliths
https://globalaffairs.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/report_urban-rural-divide-us-foreign-policy_170524.pdf

b. And here’s a Pew survey with similar findings
https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/05/22/what-unites-and-divides-urban-suburban-and-rural-communities/

9. Braver Angels is an example of an organization working to increase conversations across political differences, including between urban and rural Americans
https://braverangels.org

10. Lorrie Frasure-Yokley, Racial and ethnic politics in American suburbs (we touched on these themes a bit in our discussion of the suburbs, but certainly much more to cover in future episodes about racial and ethnic politics!)
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/racial-and-ethnic-politics-in-american-suburbs/8E23703D5C1E6DDA8D7AB7609C6C0E9F

a. Separately, here’s an interesting interview with Lorrie about the need for more high-quality data for research on this topic!
https://politicalsciencenow.com/ucla-associate-professor-of-political-science-lorrie-frasure-yokley-shares-her-experiences-as-a-political-scientist-and-apsa-member/

️ b. For more on suburbs if you’re interested: Thomas Vicino is another political scientist whose body of research on the suburbs may be of interest, particularly his recent, “In what sense a post-suburban era?” in The Routledge Companion to the Suburbs
https://thomasjvicino.com/research

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89019656/9781315266442-4-libre.pdf

1. Downs et al. (2009), “Is the good news about compliance good news about cooperation?”
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/is-the-good-news-about-compliance-good-news-about-cooperation/636DE333F8E1EC944825DDBFD81BE294

2. Von Stein (2005), “Do treaties constrain or screen? Selection bias and treaty compliance”
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/do-treaties-constrain-or-screen-selection-bias-and-treaty-compliance/99619F321DE63766D626E19155D69C35

3. Morrow (2000), “Alliances: Why write them down?”
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.63

4. Wendt (1992), “Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706858

a. Brief description of constructivism
https://www.e-ir.info/2020/05/19/a-brief-overview-of-alexander-wendts-constructivism/

b. What’s that? You wanted even more on constructivism?
https://institutes.abu.edu.ng/idr/public/assets/docs/Constructivism%20and%20International%20Relations%20%20Alexander%20Wendt%20and%20his%20Critics%20(The%20New%20International%20Relations)%20(%20PDFDrive%20).pdf

5. Major dataset on military alliances by Prof. Brett Ashley Leeds (whose work we also discussed)
http://www.atopdata.org

Research

6. Paul’s weekly columns for the World Politics Review
https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/author/paul-poast-2920/

7. One of Paul’s (several, excellent) books, Arguing about Alliances
https://www.paulpoast.com/arguing-about-alliances

8. Recent-ish article in the Atlantic by Paul, “Not a world war but a world at war” (we didn’t talk about this specifically in the episode, but it’s a great writeup)
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/11/conflicts-around-the-world-peak/676029/

9. Paul’s website
https://www.paulpoast.com/

10. Follow Paul on LinkedIn – he posts regular commentary on international relations events as they unfold
https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-poast-83550b79/

https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7446569050081710080/?originTrackingId=bnCSJxFBZsvkuC7Xqvk9nw%3D%3D

Full Episode: https://www.patreon.com/posts/154543292/

1. Broockman and Kalla, “Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing” (the excellent paper that’s a great model for field experiments on this topic)
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aad9713

a. In general, Joshua Kalla and David Broockman’s work (joint and separate) is worth checking out, both on political persuasion and other topics (mostly connected to political attitudes one way or another).
https://joshuakalla.com/research/

https://polisci.berkeley.edu/people/person/david-edward-broockman

b. I particularly recommend their work as great examples of using experiments in political science

c. Some of the remaining open questions about the role of listening in political persuasion conversations are discussed thoughtfully here.
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2421982122

2. ⚠️ The retracted paper we mentioned and a brief article about the retraction. Even more gory details about the retraction.

Paper:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1256151

Article:
https://www.science.org/content/article/science-retracts-gay-marriage-paper-without-agreement-lead-author-lacour

More details:
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/06/06/same-sex-marriage-retraction-political-science-study-lacour-green-broockman-kalla/

a. The more senior coauthor on the retracted paper is quite prolific on persuasion specifically in the context of political campaigns and also recently in the context of AI; his other work has not been retracted as far as we know!
https://donaldgreen.com

3. A comprehensive recent overview of the state of the research on persuasion, including what we don’t know and why some of the pieces don’t quite fit together still
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-110428

4. Broader, more background review paper on where political preferences come from in the first place and what affects them. (We didn’t talk about this specifically, I just think it’s interesting and helpful — and reflects earlier thinking that shaped much of the more recent research.)
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.1

5. Experiment on reducing antisemitism, measured in terms of online browsing behavior after an intervention
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-experimental-political-science/article/combating-hateful-attitudes-and-online-browsing-behavior-the-case-of-antisemitism/05E860416F9D0B7EFEFA0AABDB88C33D

6. We may have cited him in other episodes, but Adam Berinsky’s work on combatting misinformation is always in the background whenever we talk about media, misinformation, social media, changing minds – anything along that theme – and is always worth a look.
https://berinsky.mit.edu/published-papers/#overlay-context=research

Home

Show Notes for Voter ID Ep.

Riker and Ordeshook, “A Theory of the Calculus of Voting” (paper where the key equation came from):
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1953324

⚡ World’s briefest summary of the above:
https://adambrown.info/p/notes/riker_and_ordeshook_a_theory_of_the_calculus_of_voting

Meta-study of papers that built from this earlier work (alas, it’s behind a paywall, I’m sorry):
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261379412001527

“Classic” (2008 lol cry) review of research on convenience voting:
https://www.annualreviews.org/docserver/fulltext/pl/11/1/annurev.polisci.11.053006.190912.pdf?expires=1774472398&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=4CCCEB2034EED20DCF150C7F87AD6286

➕ plus some specific papers (there are lots more out there but this is a decent start):

People with greater political knowledge are more likely to use convenience voting:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17457289.2020.1814308

⚖️ Convenience voting can exacerbate socioeconomic biases in composition of voters:
https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.mit.edu/dist/9/583/files/2026/01/perverseconsequences_2005.pdf

Voting by mail increases turnout but does so differently across groups:
https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.mit.edu/dist/9/583/files/2026/01/whovotesbymail_2001.pdf

️ Background on the SAVE act:

https://bipartisanpolicy.org/article/five-things-to-know-about-the-save-act/

https://www.ncsl.org/state-legislatures-news/details/9-things-to-know-about-the-proposed-save-america-act

⚠️ https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/new-save-act-bills-would-still-block-millions-americans-voting

The SAVE act itself:
https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/22/text

️ Voter ID laws by state:
https://ballotpedia.org/Voter_identification_laws_by_state

⚖️ Discussion of the constitutionality and legality of the SAVE act:
https://www.scotusblog.com/2026/03/the-supreme-court-and-voting-identification/

Discussion of the poll tax issue regarding the SAVE act:
https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/5757040-save-act-voter-id-debate/

Show Notes Coming Soon

https://www.patreon.com/politicalreality

Reporting on extent to which 2025 US strikes “obliterated” Iran’s nuclear capabilities: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckglxwp5x03o

⚛️ Details about Iran’s uranium enriched to 60%: https://www.armscontrol.org/issue-briefs/2026-03/us-war-iran-new-and-lingering-nuclear-risks

March 2026 Congressional report about Iran’s nuclear capabilities: https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IN12665

☢️ International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reporting on Iran’s nuclear activities and uranium stockpiles: https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/iran/iaea-and-iran-iaea-board-reports

️ Satellite imagery of the Feb. 28, 2026, school strike in Iran: https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/05/world/middleeast/iran-school-us-strikes-naval-base.html

Evidence that the school was struck by a US Tomahawk cruise missile: https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/08/world/middleeast/iran-minab-school-strike.html

Reporter Jeremy Vine correcting himself about the dancing video: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tv/article-15616555/jeremy-vine-alan-partridge-iran-blunder-channel-5.html

Examples of AI-generated war videos and photos: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckg8wvz427vo

Example of a “shallowfake” posted on X: https://x.com/TehranTimes79/status/2027766149862117731
?

Examples of “hype” videos shared by the US government: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/mar/07/trump-iran-hype-videos

BBC verify: https://www.bbc.com/news/bbcverify

Full Episode on Patreon
https://www.patreon.com/posts/152180817

Foundational paper on agenda-setting: https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-abstract/36/2/176/1853310
(note their use of the phrase “political reality”!! I hadn’t noticed that before!!)

Useful summary of agenda-setting: https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/communication-and-mass-media/agenda-setting-theory

Nice overview of framing: https://fbaum.unc.edu/teaching/articles/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054.pdf

A bit more on framing: https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/framing-theory

More on minimal effects and our shifting debates around it: https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/58/4/707/4098406?redirectedFrom=fulltext

️ Nice discussion of minimal effects theory specifically applied to campaigns: https://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472099213-ch2.pdf

Two examples of recent (ish) studies to evaluate priming:
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10.1017/S0022381613001539

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/issue-priming-revisited-susceptible-voters-and-detectable-effects/EFBF48589A54EA3002A643F40F7A5094

Discussion of agenda-setting, framing, and priming together: https://fbaum.unc.edu/teaching/articles/J-Communication-2007-1.pdf

In general, if you’re interested in this topic, I’d recommend keeping an eye on research coming from the Stanford Political Communications Lab: https://pcl.stanford.edu/research
(we are hoping to get Shanto Iyengar on the show, but no promises!)

Review paper on media and political polarization: https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135242

Bonus! We didn’t talk about this in the episode, but I recently came across this paper about the influence of entertainment media on politics (we’d focused in the show on news media): https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/american-viewer-political-consequences-of-entertainment-media/A0BADA28D5C551DE4EEBDAAAE33B76E8

More about Seth & his work: https://www.sethmasket.com
Seth’s book Learning from Loss: The Democrats 2016-2020
https://www.sethmasket.com/learning-from-loss/

Preview of Seth’s new book (coming summer 2026): The Elephants in the Room: How Trump Voters Seized the Party from Republican Leaders
https://www.sethmasket.com/the-elephant-in-the-room/

Subscribe to his (excellent) Substack, Tusk
https://smotus.substack.com

Follow him on Instagram and Bluesky (he’s @smotus most places)
https://www.instagram.com/smotus/
https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:wgfz5e3rv4mxgtcpypddfruu